Design for Stack Overflow


Requirements
Sequnece Diagram
cache
Design Components:
Code Implementation
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

// User Class
class User {
    private static final AtomicInteger idGenerator = new AtomicInteger(1);
    private int id;
    private String username;
    private String email;
    private int reputation;

    public User(String username, String email) {
        this.id = idGenerator.getAndIncrement();
        this.username = username;
        this.email = email;
        this.reputation = 0;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public int getReputation() {
        return reputation;
    }

    public void incrementReputation(int points) {
        this.reputation += points;
    }
}
// Tag Class
class Tag {
    private static final AtomicInteger idGenerator = new AtomicInteger(1);
    private int id;
    private String name;

    public Tag(String name) {
        this.id = idGenerator.getAndIncrement();
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
}
// Comment Class
class Comment {
    private static final AtomicInteger idGenerator = new AtomicInteger(1);
    private int id;
    private String content;
    private User author;
    private LocalDateTime creationDate;

    public Comment(String content, User author) {
        this.id = idGenerator.getAndIncrement();
        this.content = content;
        this.author = author;
        this.creationDate = LocalDateTime.now();
    }
}
// Vote Class
class Vote {
    private User voter;
    private int value; // +1 for upvote, -1 for downvote

    public Vote(User voter, int value) {
        this.voter = voter;
        this.value = value;
    }

    public int getValue() {
        return value;
    }
}
// Answer Class
class Answer {
    private static final AtomicInteger idGenerator = new AtomicInteger(1);
    private int id;
    private String content;
    private User author;
    private List<Comment> comments;
    private int votes;
    private LocalDateTime creationDate;

    public Answer(String content, User author) {
        this.id = idGenerator.getAndIncrement();
        this.content = content;
        this.author = author;
        this.comments = new ArrayList<>();
        this.votes = 0;
        this.creationDate = LocalDateTime.now();
    }

    public void addComment(Comment comment) {
        comments.add(comment);
    }

    public void addVote(Vote vote) {
        votes += vote.getValue();
    }
}
// Question Class
class Question {
    private static final AtomicInteger idGenerator = new AtomicInteger(1);
    private int id;
    private String title;
    private String content;
    private User author;
    private List<Answer> answers;
    private List<Comment> comments;
    private List<Tag> tags;
    private int votes;
    private LocalDateTime creationDate;

    public Question(String title, String content, User author) {
        this.id = idGenerator.getAndIncrement();
        this.title = title;
        this.content = content;
        this.author = author;
        this.answers = new ArrayList<>();
        this.comments = new ArrayList<>();
        this.tags = new ArrayList<>();
        this.votes = 0;
        this.creationDate = LocalDateTime.now();
    }

    public void addAnswer(Answer answer) {
        answers.add(answer);
    }

    public void addComment(Comment comment) {
        comments.add(comment);
    }

    public void addVote(Vote vote) {
        votes += vote.getValue();
    }

    public void addTag(Tag tag) {
        tags.add(tag);
    }

    public List<Answer> getAnswers() {
        return answers;
    }
}
// StackOverflow Class
class StackOverflow {
    private List<User> users;
    private List<Question> questions;

    public StackOverflow() {
        this.users = new ArrayList<>();
        this.questions = new ArrayList<>();
    }

    public User createUser(String username, String email) {
        User user = new User(username, email);
        users.add(user);
        return user;
    }

    public Question postQuestion(String title, String content, User author) {
        Question question = new Question(title, content, author);
        questions.add(question);
        return question;
    }

    public Answer postAnswer(String content, Question question, User author) {
        Answer answer = new Answer(content, author);
        question.addAnswer(answer);
        return answer;
    }

    public List<Question> searchQuestionsByKeyword(String keyword) {
        List<Question> result = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Question q : questions) {
            if (q.title.contains(keyword) || q.content.contains(keyword)) {
                result.add(q);
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
}
// Demonstration Class
public class StackOverflowDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StackOverflow stackOverflow = new StackOverflow();

        User user1 = stackOverflow.createUser("JohnDoe", "john@example.com");
        User user2 = stackOverflow.createUser("JaneDoe", "jane@example.com");

        Question question = stackOverflow.postQuestion("How to learn Java?", "Can someone guide me on how to learn Java?", user1);

        stackOverflow.postAnswer("Start with the basics and practice daily.", question, user2);

        System.out.println("Question: " + question.title);
        for (Answer answer : question.getAnswers()) {
            System.out.println("Answer: " + answer.content);
        }

        System.out.println("User1 Questions:");
        for (Question q : user1.getQuestions()) {
            System.out.println(q.title);
        }

        System.out.println("User2 Answers:");
        for (Answer a : user2.getAnswers()) {
            System.out.println(a.content);
        }
    }
}
Sample Input and Output

Input:

Output:

Question: How to learn Java?
Answer: Start with the basics and practice daily.

Explanation
Design Considerations